Drawing on the knowledge and skills of specialist designers and using optimization and simulation tools, MAHLE Powertrain rapidly generates concept solutions. Each concept is evaluated using a combination of analytical tools such as 1D cycle simulation, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Finite Element Analysis and empirical calculation. Concepts are selected following evaluation against project targets by multifunctional teams of specialist engineers drawn from the manufacturing and engineering functions within MAHLE Powertrain or from within our customer's own organization.